Technical paper index

TECHNICAL PAPER INDEX
PUMPS and SEALS

Charts and Graphs

ANSI pump dimensions, inch sizes
ANSI pump dimensions, metric sizes
Bearing fit tolerances
C/R lip seal life chart
Calculating the friction loss in inch size fittings and valves
- Fittings, inch size
- Valves, inch size
Calculating the friction loss in inch size piping
- 1.250″ and 1.500″ pipe
- 2.000″ and 2.500″ pip
- 3″ pipe
- 6″ pipe
Calculating the friction loss in metric pipe and fittings
Carbon physicals
Carcinogens list
Classifying chemicals for sealing
Cross section of a volute pump showing shaft deflection
English to metric conversion tables 8-5
Galvanic series of metals
Glossary of seal and pump terms
Mechanical seal hard face materials
NPSH reducton chart
O-ring compatibility guide
OSHA 1910 regulation
Pump types
- The A.N.S.I. pump
- The close coupled pump
- The closed impeller, end suction, centrifugal pump
Pump term relationships
Seal face flatness readings
Vapor Pressure Charts
- Vapor pressure chart -60 to 240°F.
- Vapor Pressure chart -180 F. to 60 F.
Viscosity corrections for centrifugal pumps
Water properties

Cheat Sheet Index19-1

Chemical classification for easier sealing 2-12

Fluids that are sensitive to a change in temperature or pressure 2-12
Liquids that require two mechanical seals 2-12
Sealing non lubricants. 2-12
Slurries, especially abrasive slurries 2-12
Liquids sensitive to agitation 2-12
Liquids that combine together to form a solid 2-12
Clean, lubricating liquids 2-12
Extreme operating conditions 2-12

Choosing the correct mechanical seal (home)

Chloride stress corrosion 17-7

Classifying chemicals for easier sealing 2-12

Fluids that are sensitive to a change in temperature or pressure 2-12
Liquids that require two mechanical seals 2-12
Sealing non lubricants. 2-12
Slurries, especially abrasive slurries 2-12
Liquids sensitive to agitation 2-12
Liquids that combine together to form a solid 2-12
Clean, lubricating liquids 2-12
Extreme operating conditions 2-12

Classifying mechanical seals 2-11

The rotating seal 2-11
The stationary seal 2-11
The inside mounted seal. 2-11
The outside mounted seal 2-11
The single seal. 2-11
Dual seals. 2-11
The unbalanced seal. 2-11
The balanced mechanical seal. 2-11
The elastomer type seal 2-11
The metal bellows seal 2-11
The cartridge seal 2-11
The non-cartridge seal 2-11
The split seal. 2-11
The solid seal. 2-11
Motion seals. 2-11
Pump Seals 2-11
Original equipment ( OEM) designs 2-11
Off the shelf, universal seal designs 2-11

Classifying seals by the operating conditions 4-3

Coke or coking 17-6

Common misconceptions about centrifugal pumps 11-2

Common sense and mechanical seals 7-6

Concentric dual seals 8-8

Concepts you need to understand centrifugal pumps 8-12

Condensate – why you must seal it 10-7

Controlling temperature and pressure in the pump stuffing box 8-9

Controlling the temperature in the stuffing box 4-6

Conversion tables 8-5

Converting head to pressure 1-5

Corrosion – problems with the 300 series of stainless steel 4-1

General or overall corrosion 4-1
Galvanic corrosion 4-1
Pitting 4-1
Intergranular corrosion 4-1
Chloride stress corrosion 4-1
Erosion corrosion 4-1
Fretting corrosion 4-1
Concentrated cell or crevice corrosion 4-1
Selective leaching 4-1
Micro organisims 4-1
Galvanic series 4-1

Decision making 7-7

Desirable features in any mechanical seal 4-3

Discharge recirculation 3-6

Double seals – another name for dual seals 8-8

Dual mechanical seals 8-8

Duty point 18-3

Dynamically balancing the pump rotating components 9-1

Elastomers –

Electric motor – 6-4

Environmental controls – controlling the temperature in the stuffing box 4-6

Environmental controls – controlling pressure in the stuffing box 4-10

Environmental control and special seals- 3-2

Environmental controls -how to use them 3-6

Estimating the shutoff head of a centrifugal pump 13-7

Evaluating mechanical seal design 6-2

Extreme operating conditions 2-12

Face opening 10-4

Face to face dual sealing 8-8

Flexibility factor, L³/D⁴ 1-6

Flushing confusion explained 3-6

Frequently asked questions about mechanical seals 10-2

Fretting 10-3

Fugitive emissions – the chemicals on the list 5-1

Flow formulas 11-8

Flow through an orifice 13-12

Fluid viscosity 7-8

Flushing confusion explained 3-6

Formulas for pipe friction vs. product flow 11-8

Fretting 10-3

Full voltage vs. soft start 18-2

Galvanic series of metals 4-1

Glossary of seal and pump terms

Grease or lip seals 3-10

Grout used to attach the pump to its base 7-5

Halogens and oxidizers 17-8

Hard faces – selecting the correct one 5-2

Hard faces – When do you run them against each other? 17-10

Hard vacuum sealing 5-7

Head – calculating the total head in the system 7-1

Head – 1-1

Heat how it affects the pump and mechanical seals- 1-4

Heat generated at the seal faces 1-4
Ambient heat 1-4
Heat within the product 1-4
Heat generated when parts rub together 1-4
Heat generated by the bearing seals 1-4
The corrosion rate of the pumping fluid increases 1-4
Critical tolerances change 1-4
Seal faces can be destroyed 1-4
Elastomer life is reduced 1-4
The product can change 1-4
Recommendations to lower heat generation 1-4
Pump modifications to lower heat generation 1-4

High head/ low capacity pumps 11-4

High speed pumps 11-4

Hot oil sealing 3-5

Hot water sealing 3-3

How efficient is your centrifugal pump? 7-2

How to:

How wide is your vision? 5-11

Hydraulic balance 8-1

Two way hydraulic balance 8-2

Hydrodynamic gas seals 13-1

Hydrostatic sealing 12-2

Impellers, all about them 10-1

Internal Recirculation cavitation 1-3.3

ISO 20149 and API 682 18-8

Is this a mechanical seal application? (tutorial)

Jacketing fluid 3-6

Large stuffing box 7-9

L³/D⁴ 1-6

L³/D⁴and premature seal failure 11-6

Learning about centrifugal pumps (home)

Loss of suction 10-12

Low capacity problems 10-10

Low head problems 10-9

Lubricating the mechanical seal faces 18-9

Lubricating the mechanical seal rubber parts 18-10

Magnetic drive pumps – their limits 3-11

Magnetic Bearings 18-6

Mechanical seal hydraulic balance 8-1

Mechanical seal design – state of the art 19-11

Mechanical seal two way hydraulic balance 8-2

Metal bellows sealing 12-10

Metal bellows seal problems 5-10

Mixer and agitator sealing 3-7

Monitoring the centrifugal pump 9-11

Net positive suction head (NPSH) 11-12

Non lubricant sealing – 4-8

Dry solids 4-8
Gases 4-8
Liquids 4-8

Non-seal pumps 3-11

Operating off the bep 11-4

Original equipment seal problems 4-4

Original equipment manufacturer seal problems 4-4

O-ring selection for the application 4-9

O-rings – the super compounds 10-6

Orifice flow 13-12

OSHA 1910 Act 8-10

Oversized pumps 7-10

Oversized stuffing box 7-9

Overview of seal troubleshooting 3-1

Oxidizers and halogens 17-8

Oxygen problems in condensate 10-7

Ozone 8-4

Packing conversion, the down side – 9-4

Packing conversion – why you should do it and the possible savings 2-10

The savings that are real and easily measurable 2-10
Split seal advantages 2-10

Parallel operation of centrifugal pumps 18-1

Positive displacement pumps (Rotary) 12-3

Positive displacement pump troubleshooting 12-4

Predictive maintenance for centrifugal pumps 6-11

Prematiure seal failure 9-9

Pressure – how to control it in the stuffing box 4-10

Pressure and vacuum sealing 5-7

Preventive maintenance

Preventing premature pump failure 9-11

Preventing premature seal failure, cheat sheet 11-5

Preventing pump and seal problems 8-6

Priming the centrifugal pump 6-6

Problem areas for seals and pumps 8-6

Problems associated with original equipment seal designs 4-4

Pump and driver alignment 14-3

Pump & Seal Cheat Sheet Index19-1

Pump and seal problems with no apparant cause 4-5

Cavitation 4-5
The seal is getting hot 4-5
The seal leaks for no apparant reason 4-5
Component damage is visible, but no apparant cause 4-5
Other problems 4-5

Pump base 7-5

Pump bearings, why do they fail? 4-12

Pump curve – how to read one 2-3

Pump design, what’s wrong with it? 3-10

Pump efficiency – figuring the heads 7-2

Pump efficiency – making the calculations 6-1

Pump efficiency – the affect of the oversize pump 7-10

Pump installation (tutorial)

Pump modification (tutorial)

Pump modifications to increase seal life 11-1

Pump modifications to lower heat generation in the pump 1-4

Pump Monitoring 9-11

Pump rules of thumb 2-7

Pump selection (tutorial)

Pump vibration readings, how do we use them? 2-9

Pump standards – 2-4

Pump surging 17-12

Pumps – additional information you need 11-4

Pumps, the best technology 9-3

Pumping terms 1-5

Reading seal face flatness 6-3

Recommendations to lower heat generation in a centrifugal pump 1-4

Repair of mechanical seals 5-8

Rotary pumps 12-3

Rubber bellows seal 11-11

Rubber bellows seal (type #1) problems 5-10

Rubber parts of the seal – 4-9

Where the super compounds do not work 10-6

Rules of thumb – pumps 2-7

Rules of thumb – seals 2-5

Rules of thumb -seals and pumps 8-6

Seal and Pump Cheat Sheet Index 19-1

Seal application outline 19-06

Seal applications

Sealing hard vacuum 5-7
Sealing high pressure 5-7
Sealing products sensitive to agitation 6-12
Slurry sealing 3-4
Sealing products sensitive to a change in temperature or pressure 8-9
Hot oil sealing 3-5
Hot water sealing 3-3

Seal cartridge – problems with overheating in some designs 7-4

Seal design – build components to compensate for operating conditions 4-11

Seal design – the questions you should ask 6-2

Seal face

Seal failure 2-2

Analyzing the components. 4-11
Chemical attack 2-2
Damage to a seal component 2-2
Preventing premature failure 10-4
Some things you can do to prevent it 10-5
Things that will open the lapped faces 2-2
A quick reference guide 4-11

Seal hydraulic balance – the conventional method 8-1

Seal hydraulic balance – two way balance for dual seals 8-2

Seal installation errors 5-10

Seals and pumps, how heat affects their life 1-4

Seal life – how to get good seal life 2-8

Why don’t good seals wear out? 9-9

Seal metal parts – selecting the right ones 5-9

Seal misconceptions 11-3

Seal partnering 13-10

Sealing products sensitive to temperature or pressure 8-9

Seal problems that occur shortly after installation 5-10

Seal problems 8-11

Seal repair – the correct procedure 5-8

Seal repair kits 4-3

Seal selection (tutorial)

Seal specifications 4-3

Seal springs 3-9

Seal types 2-11

The rotating seal 2-11
The stationary seal 2-11
The inside mounted seal. 2-11
The outside mounted seal 2-11
The single seal. 2-11
Dual seals. 2-11
The unbalanced seal. 2-11
The balanced mechanical seal. 2-11
The elastomer type seal 2-11
The metal bellows seal 2-11
The cartridge seal 2-11
The non-cartridge seal 2-11
The split seal. 2-11
The solid seal. 2-11
Motion seals. 2-11
Pump Seals 2-11
Original equipment ( OEM) designs 2-11
Off the shelf, universal seal designs 2-1

Seal value – how to get good value 7-11

Seal, preventing premature failures 10-5

Sealless centrifugal pumps 3-11

Seals – as supplied by the original equipment manufacturer- the problems 4-4

Seals – dual 8-8

Seals – preventing premature failure 11-5

Seals, the best technology 9-3

Seals – the most asked questions 10-2

Seals classification 2-11

Seal failure causes 9-9

Seal failure explained 2-2

Seal life explained 2-2
If you suspect corrosion 2-2

Sealless pumps 3-11

Series operation of centrifugal pumps 18-1

Setting up a training department for pumps and seals 17-02

Shaft assembly – dynamic balance 9-1

Shaft bending causes 1-6

Shaft deflection – 1-6

Operating off the Best Efficiency Point (B.E.P.) 6-5
Some calculations in inch and metric 10-8
The bending force formula 1-6
The stiffness ratio L³/D⁴ 1-6
Three rules 8-12

Shaft displacement – common causes 4-11

Shaft displacement – the cheat sheet 9-2

Shaft displacement and original equipment seals (O.E.M.) 11-7

Shaft fretting and damage. The main causes 10-3

Slenderness ratio L³/D⁴ 1-6

Slip stick vibration 17-5

Slurry pump features 11-4

Slurry sealing 3-4

Some common misconceptions about mechanical seals 11-3

Source and affect of heat on mechanical seals and pumps 19-02

Sources of a temperature change in the stuffing box 9-8

Specific gravity 7-12

Calculating for a solids & liquid mixture 7-12

Specific speed – how to calculate it 7-3

Specific speed vs. suction specific speed 9-12

Split mechanical seals 3-8

Split seal problems 5-10

Stainless steel – exceptions to the rule 5-9

Stainless steel (300 series) corrosion –4-1

General or overall corrosion 4-1
Galvanic corrosion 4-1
Pitting 4-1
Intergranular corrosion 4-1
Chloride stress corrosion 4-1
Erosion corrosion 4-1
Fretting corrosion
Concentrated cell or crevice corrosion 4-1
Selective leaching 4-1
Micro organisims 4-1
Galvanic series 4-1

Stationary cartridge seals 11-10

Stationary vs. Rotary seals 11-

Stiffness ratio L³/D⁴ 1-6

Stuffing box 7-9

Surging 17-12

Suction loss 10-12

Suction recirculation 17-11

Suction specific speed 9-12

System curve 18-5

Tandem style dual sealing 8-8

Temperature – causes of a rise in stuffing box heat 7-8

The oversized centrifugal pump 7-10

Three concepts needed to understand centrifugal pumps 8-12

Throttling the suction side of a pump 11-4

Training for centrifugal pumps and mechanical seals 17-2

Troubles with no apparent cause 4-5

Troubleshooting pumps –

Troubleshooting pumps – 1-2

Troubleshooting seal components 3-9

The carbon face 3-9
The hard face 3-9
Analysis of the wear track on the hard face 3-9
The elastomer 3-9
The metal case or body 3-9
Drive lugs, pins and slots 3-9
The springs 3-9
The sleeve or shaft 3-9
The set screws 3-9
The seal gland 3-9

Troubleshooting seal leakage – 4-2

Troubleshooting seal problems 8-11

Design problems 8-11
Operation problems 8-11
Maintenance problems 8-11
A quick reference to common troubleshooting mistakes 8-6

Why don’t good seals wear out? 9-9

Turbulance cavitation 3-1.4

Tutorials

Type #1 rubber bellows seal 11-11

Understanding split mechanical seals 3-8

Understanding the centrifugal pump system curve 5-12

VOC (Volatile organic compounds standards 8-10

Variable speed drive problems 11-4

Vane passing Syndrome cavitation 1-3.5

Vaporization Cavitation 1-3.1

Venting a centrifugal pump 11-4

Vibration in a centrifugal pump – causes and cures 2-9

Viscosity 18-7

Water Hammer solutions 20-1

What is happening between the mechanical seal faces? 9-7

What is meant by pump efficiency? 6-1

Why do most mechanical seals fail? 2-2

If you suspect corrosion 2-2

Why packed pumps should be converted to mechanical seals 2-10

Why you have to prime a centrifugal pump. 6-6

Writing a set of seal specifications for your plant 4-3

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TECHNICAL PAPER INDEX PUMPS and SEALS

TECHNICAL PAPER INDEX
PUMPS and SEALS